ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of 595-nm pulsed dye laser with topical timolol maleate 0.5％ solution for the treatment of superficial infantile hemangioma (IH).Methods Complete clinical data were collected from 156 infants with superficial IH,who received treatment with 595-nm pulsed dye laser combined with topical timolol maleate 0.5％ solution in the Department of Dermatology of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from July 2015 to July 2016,and analyzed retrospectively.Of the 156 patients,44 were males,and 112 were females,with an average age of 3.8 ± 0.7 months (range,24 days-1 year).These patients were treated with 595-nm pulsed dye laser every 5 weeks and topical application of timolol maleate solution twice a day.Each treatment with timolol maleate solution lasted 30 minutes.When the hemangioma regressed generally,the treatment with laser and timolol maleate solution was stopped.At weeks 5,10,15 and 30,the visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the efficacy,and adverse reactions were recorded.These patients were followed up till 6 months after the end of treatment.The relationships of area and thickness of hemangioma with treatment duration,treatment sessions and VAS scores were analyzed.Results After 5-30 weeks of treatment,hemangiomas regressed to different extents,and the cure rate was 93.59％ (146/156).At weeks 5,10,15 and 30,the VAS scores were 3.12 ± 0.23,4.45 ± 0.52,5.45 ± 0.71 and 7.59 ± 1.64 respectively.Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that the VAS scores all significantly increased over time (F =189.35,P ＜ 0.05) in the 3 groups with different initial thickness of hemangiomas (＜ 1 mm,1-3 mm,and ＞ 3 mm),and significantly differed among the above 3 groups at different time points (F =215.56,P ＜ 0.05),and the group with the initial thickness of hemangiomas ＜ 1 mm showed the highest VAS scores.The total treatment duration was significantly shorter in the group with the initial thickness of hemangiomas ＜ 1 mm (2.71 ± 0.58 months) than in those with the initial thickness of hemangiomas 1-3 mm (8.22 ± 0.67 months,P ＜ 0.05) and ＞ 3 mm (11.03 ± 0.72 months,P ＜ 0.05).The VAS scores also significantly differed among the 3 groups with different initial area of hemangiomas (＜ 3 cm2,3-9 cm2 and ＞ 9 cm2),and significantly increased over time in these groups;Kruskal-Wallis H test showed that there was a significant difference in the treatment sessions among the above 3 groups (H =10.45,P ＜ 0.01),and the group with the initial area of hemangiomas ＜ 3 cm2 showed the least treatment session.The adverse reactions were mild,and no adverse cardiovascular or respiratory events were observed.Conclusion The 595-nm pulsed dye laser combined with topical timolol maleate 0.5％ solution is effective and safe for the treatment of superficial IH.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of amphotericin B on the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) in a human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1).Methods Cultured THP-1 cells were divided into several groups:blank control group receiving no treatment,amphotericin B groups treated with 2,4 and 8 mg/L amphotericin B separately,positive control group treated with 100 μg/L β-glucosan or 100 mg/L lipopolysaccharide.Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-8 after the THP-1 cells were treated with different stimuli for some durations.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to detect the level of TNF-α in the culture supernatant of THP-1 cells after 24-hour treatment with 8 mg/L amphotericin B,and Western blot analysis to measure the levels of p38MAPK and phosphorylated p38MAPK after 30-minute treatment with 8 mg/L amphotericin B.Results After 6-hour treatment with 2,4 and 8 mg/L amphotericin B separately,the mRNA levels of TNF-α in THP-1 cells (7.55 ± 1.17,19.47 ± 2.91,57.22 ± 0.65) and IL-8 (2.98 ± 0.04,5.22 ± 1.35,11.82 ± 1.66) were all significantly higher than those in the blank control group (TNF-α:1.00 ± 0.07,P ＜ 0.01,0.001,0.001 respectively;IL-8:1.01 ± 0.23,P ＜ 0.01,0.001,0.001 respectively).After the treatment with 8 mg/L amphotericin B for 1,3,6 hours,the mRNA levels of TNF-α (8.61 ± 0.30,10.75 ± 0.08,56.98 ± 2.43) and IL-8 (2.63 ± 0.28,5.35 ± 0.98,11.73 ± 1.18) in THP-1 cells were all significantly higher than those in the blank control group (TNF-α:1.18 ± 0.17,P ＜ 0.05,0.01,0.001;IL-8:1.23 ± 0.11,P ＜ 0.05,0.01,0.001).After 24-hour treatment with 8 mg/L amphotericin B,the level of TNF-α in the culture supernatant of THP-1 cells was significantly higher than that in the blank control group (4 039.06 ± 223.87 ng/L vs.96.31 ± 0.26 ng/L,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Amphotericin B can promote the p38MAPK phosphorylation and increase the levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in human THP-1 cells in vitro,suggesting its immunomodulatory effects.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of amphotericin B on the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK) in a human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1).Methods Cultured THP-1 cells were divided into several groups:blank control group receiving no treatment,amphotericin B groups treated with 2,4 and 8 mg/L amphotericin B separately,positive control group treated with 100 μg/L β-glucosan or 100 mg/L lipopolysaccharide.Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-8 after the THP-1 cells were treated with different stimuli for some durations.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to detect the level of TNF-α in the culture supernatant of THP-1 cells after 24-hour treatment with 8 mg/L amphotericin B,and Western blot analysis to measure the levels of p38MAPK and phosphorylated p38MAPK after 30-minute treatment with 8 mg/L amphotericin B.Results After 6-hour treatment with 2,4 and 8 mg/L amphotericin B separately,the mRNA levels of TNF-α in THP-1 cells (7.55 ± 1.17,19.47 ± 2.91,57.22 ± 0.65) and IL-8 (2.98 ± 0.04,5.22 ± 1.35,11.82 ± 1.66) were all significantly higher than those in the blank control group (TNF-α:1.00 ± 0.07,P ＜ 0.01,0.001,0.001 respectively;IL-8:1.01 ± 0.23,P ＜ 0.01,0.001,0.001 respectively).After the treatment with 8 mg/L amphotericin B for 1,3,6 hours,the mRNA levels of TNF-α (8.61 ± 0.30,10.75 ± 0.08,56.98 ± 2.43) and IL-8 (2.63 ± 0.28,5.35 ± 0.98,11.73 ± 1.18) in THP-1 cells were all significantly higher than those in the blank control group (TNF-α:1.18 ± 0.17,P ＜ 0.05,0.01,0.001;IL-8:1.23 ± 0.11,P ＜ 0.05,0.01,0.001).After 24-hour treatment with 8 mg/L amphotericin B,the level of TNF-α in the culture supernatant of THP-1 cells was significantly higher than that in the blank control group (4 039.06 ± 223.87 ng/L vs.96.31 ± 0.26 ng/L,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Amphotericin B can promote the p38MAPK phosphorylation and increase the levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in human THP-1 cells in vitro,suggesting its immunomodulatory effects.